Black holes are terrifying, monstrous objects with a massive gravitational pull that causes them to devour everything that passes through them. event expectations.
Yet the physics-shattering power of space-time explosions is also part of their draw – attracting scientists who want to study the role of black holes in galaxies and those who want to study them. joint of gravity. Here are the most shocking black finds of the year.
Scientists see a strange “link” hidden in the center of the Milky Way.
The known black holes that populate the universe fall into two categories: masses of several times the mass of the sun and supermassive ones that can weigh as much as 50 billion times the mass of the sun. But exactly how the first came to be is not yet clear, especially since there have been no confirmed sightings of black holes in their obscure stages. medium.
Enter a a new candidate for a medium-sized black holewhich astronomers spotted in the galaxy IRS 13, just a tenth of a light-year from Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the heart of The Milky Way galaxy. If scientists can confirm its existence, it could provide important information about how black holes evolve.
A supermassive black hole consumes 40 times as much material as possible
This year, scientists have discovered another clue to how supermassive black holes grow to their unimaginable scale, in the form of beast that eats LID-568.
The James Webb Space Telescope saw a black hole as it formed 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang, and was 40 times more destructive than its feeding rate (called the Eddington limit). This discovery may explain why supermassive holes appear so early in the universe’s history.
“Impossible” black holes discovered by the James Webb telescope may finally have an explanation
The findings on LID-568’s feeding frenzy were not the final word on the formation of supermassive black holes. Theologists have also proposed how black holes appeared in the universe other than, as is customary today, from dead stars: by the rapidly collapsing pockets of gas that formed the first black holes.
Most of these are small unity it evaporated, according to the new theory, but those that survived grew and merged at great speed to reach their enormous scale.
Small black holes can pierce planets and penetrate our bodies
Another theoretical proposal about ancient black holes also made waves this year: the proposal that. they may still be there. They may be piercing planets and penetrating our bodies and structures, leaving only tiny traces.
If fragments of black holes can be found around the universe, it could be the search for many missing objects that appear to have gravity but are not tightly coupled to light.
The largest black jet ever seen is 140 Milky Ways across
Some black holes regurgitate infalling matter, creating massive, near-luminous plasma jets that can stretch hundreds of light-years across. But another black hole jet pair astronomers have seen – named Porphyrion, after the giant of Greek mythology – really takes the cake: At 23 million light-years long, this pair is 140 leagues across the Milky Way.
A black hole “blowtorch” causes nearby stars to explode
The jet blacks aren’t just amazing features. It’s a powerful — but still mysterious — force for cosmic monsters to shape the vast universe. For the first time, researchers noticed a black jet that causes nearby stars to explode in explosions called novas.
Since the stars were not directly hit, it is not known exactly how the jet causes the stars to appear. By searching for answers, astronomers could better understand how black holes affect the most distant environment.
Astronomers discover why some holes have a “heartbeat”
As they feed, black holes can heat their “meal” to high temperatures to release massive X-ray flares that last for millions of years. But in these flames there is another strange sign: a regular flash of light that resembles a heartbeat. By studying one of the flares, astronomers now imagine they have an explanation for the heartbeat of a black hole: They are produced by shock waves flowing through the food of black holes as they feast.
The Horizon Telescope event reveals why our galaxy’s black hole is spinning so strangely.
The black hole in our galaxy, Sagittarius A*, is a supermassive explosion 4 million times the mass of the sun and 14.6 million miles (23.5 million kilometers) across. . But these are pretty standard measurements for a black hole of this scale. What’s unusual about Sagittarius A* is that it’s spinning incredibly fast and is out of kilter with the rest of the Milky Way.
This year, the Event Horizon Telescope is used, which in 2022 won the first image of a black hole in our galaxyscientists found the answer: Sagittarius A* was it was probably born from a massive collision between two supermassive black holesand its deviant rotation is the main symbol of its violent origin.
Scientists see the first black “triple” system
Many black holes exist in binary systems, orbiting a companion star, but researchers have now saw it round with two starsmaking it the first three-hole black system ever seen. In addition to creating an entirely new class, the discovery has serious implications for the formation of a black hole.
Black holes in binary systems are often thought to have arisen from the collapse of a star. But astronomers say the triplet could provide evidence that black holes fall directly from gas clouds.
A blocked black hole roars into life
Black holes are usually active and eat other things around them, or they are dormant because they have swallowed everything in them. It is rare to see black holes change between two states. But astronomers have now seen the black hole waking up after a long sleep.
The reasons for the black hole’s reactivation are still unclear, but astronomers speculate that it may have begun to capture new objects. In addition, the light from near the star at the same time in space that has burned and exploded.
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